A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Appendix

Echinodon

Taxon: Thyreophora

Name means: “prickly tooth”

Pronounced: e-KIEN-o-don

Length: about 2 ft (60 cm)

Time: Late Jurassic, c. 145 mya

Place: England

A small plant-eater described in 1861, Echinodon may have been related to

Scutellosaurus.

Echizensaurus

Echizensaurus is a yet-unpublished new ornithischian from the Cretaceous of Japan.

Edmarka

Taxon: Theropoda

Name means: “for Edmark”

Pronounced: ed-MAR-ka

Length: 36 ft (11 m)

Time: 154 – 151 mya

Place: Wyoming

Named in honor of Dr. Bill Edmark in 1992, this large meat-eating dinosaur may

actually belong to the Torvosaurus genus.

Edmontonia

Taxon: Ankylosauria Nodosauridae

Name means: “from Edmonton”

Pronounced: ed-mon-TOHN-ee-a

Length: 23 feet (7 m)

Time: Late Cretaceous, 76 – 68 mya

Place: Alberta, Montana, South Dakota, Texas

Date: 1928

A large armored quadruped which was scientifically described in 1928, Edmontonia was

named for the Edmonton Formation in Alberta Province, Canada. Like other

nodosaurids, Edmontonia lacked the massive bony tail club of the related ankylosaurs,

but bore a similar arrangement of hard bony plates and nodules embedded in its skin as

protection against the teeth and claws of would-be predators.

Edmontosaurus

Taxon: Hadrosauridae

Name means: “Edmonton lizard”

Pronounced: ed-MON-to-SAWR-us

Length: 40 ft (12 m)

Time: Late Cretaceous, 73 – 65 mya

Place: Alberta, Colorado, N. Dakota, S. Dakota, Wyoming, Montana, Saskatchewan

Date: 1917

A non-crested “duck-billed” hadrosaur first described in 1917, Edmontosaurus was once

known by the now-invalid name “Trachodon.” An incredible pair of mummified fossils

discovered in Wyoming have given us rare insight into the skin patterns, eating habits

and other characteristics of this plant-eating dinosaur.

Efraasia

Name means: “for E. Fraas”

Pronounced: e-FRAHS-ee-a

Now known as SELLOSAURUS.

Einiosaurus

Taxon: Centrosaurinae

Name means: “bison lizard”

Pronounced: ie-nee-o-SAWR-us

Length: 20 ft (6 m)

Time: Late Cretaceous, 84 – 71 mya

Place: Montana

Einosaurus was named in the language of the Black Feet tribe on whose land the fossils

were found. A frilled and horn-faced ceratopsian plant-eater, members of this species

bore an unusual nose horn that bent sharply forward. The genus was described in 1995.

Elaphrosaurus

Taxon: Theropoda, possibly Ornithomimosauria

Name means: “lightweight lizard”

Pronounced: EL-a-fro-SAWR-us or eh-LAH-fro-SAWR-us

Length: 17 ft (5 m)

Time: Late Jurassic, 155 mya

Place: Tanzania, East Africa

This lightly-built carnivore, scientifically described in 1920 based on incomplete

remains, may be either an ornithomimosaur or a ceratosaur.

Elmisaurus

Taxon: Theropoda

Name means: “hindfoot lizard”

Pronounced: EL-mi-SAWR-us

Length: 6.5 ft (2 m)

Time: Late Cretaceous, about 80 – 70 mya

Place: Mongolia

Elmisaurus was named in 1981 for the distinctive fusing of several bones in its foot.

Some scientists believe that the specimen belongs to the genus Chirostenotes.

Elopteryx Doubtful name. This fragmentary Transylvanian meat-eater, originally

identified as a bird, may be a troodontid.

Elosaurus

Taxon: Sauropoda

Name means: “marsh lizard”

Pronounced: EL-o-SAWR-us

Fossil material once assigned to this genus is now believed to belong to a juvenile

APATOSAURUS.

Elvisaurus.

Taxon: Theropoda

Name means: “Elvis (Presley) lizard”

Pronounced: EL-vis-SAW-rus

This was the informal pre-publication nickname for Cryolophosaurus and is not an

official scientific name.

Emausaurus

Taxon: possibly Scelidosauridae

Name means: “EMAU lizard”

Pronounced: em-ow-SAWR-us

Length: 6.5 ft (2 m)

Time: Early Jurassic, 194 – 188 mya

Place: Northern Germany

Emausaurus was named in 1990 for Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität (EMAU) in

Greifswald, a town near the fossil excavation site. This small dinosaur is generally

considered to be an early thyreophoran, but may have been a primitive stegosaur.

Embasaurus Doubtful name. Named for the Emba River in Kazakhstan and known only

from two fragmented vertebrae, this may not be sustainable as a valid genus.

Enigmosaurus

Taxon: Segnosauridae

Name means: “enigma lizard”

Pronounced: ee-NIG-mo-SAWR-us

Length: 20 – 24.5 ft (6 – 7.5 m)

Time: Middle to Late Cretaceous, 97 – 88 mya

Place: Mongolia

Date: 1983

An enigma is a puzzling mystery, and Enigmosaurus was named (in 1983) for the

puzzling and unusual pelvis it shared with other segnosaurian dinosaurs. The odd

hipbone resembles an ornithischian structure despite the saurischian classification of the

segnosaur group.

Eobrontosaurus

Taxon: Sauropoda Diplodocidae

Name means: “dawn thunder lizard”

Pronounced: EE-oh-BRON-to-SAWR-us

Length: Large

Time: Late Jurassic, c. 159 – 144 mya

Place: Wyoming

A recently-discovered member of the giant long-necked sauropod dinosaur group,

Eobrontosaurus was described in 1998 as a more primitive relative of Apatosaurus.

Eoceratops

Taxon: Ceratopsia

Name means: “dawn horned face”

Pronounced: EE-oh-SER-a-tops

Length: about 13 ft (4 m)

Time: Late Cretaceous, 75 – 72 mya

Place: Alberta

This stubby-frilled horned ceratopsian, scientifically named in 1915, may actually be a

young Chasmosaurus.

Eohadrosaurus

Name means: “dawn hadrosaur”

Pronounced: “EE-oh-HAD-roh-SAW-rus”

Eohadrosaurus is now known as EOLAMBIA.

Eolambia

Taxon: Hadrosauridae, probably Lambeosaurinae

Name means: “dawn lambeosaurine”

Pronounced: EE-oh-LAM-bee-a

Length: about 30 ft (9 m)

Time: Middle Cretaceous, c. 99 mya

Place: Utah

The earliest known hadrosaurid, this crestless duckbill was going to be called

Eohadrosaurus until it was discovered to have primitive features resembling those of the

crested lambeosaurine duckbills. Eolambia was named in 1998.

Eoraptor

Taxon: Theropoda

Name means: “dawn plunderer”

Pronounced: EE-oh-RAP-tor

Length: 3 ft (1 m)

Time: Late Triassic, c. 228 mya

Place: Argentina

This small, early meat-eater may be the most primitive dinosaur yet known. Described in

1993, Eoraptor physically resembled the archosaurian ancestors of true dinosaurs and

lacked several of the advanced anatomical characteristics of later dinosaur species.

Epachthosaurus

Taxon: Sauropoda, possibly Titanosauria

Name means: “heavy lizard”

Pronounced: e-PAK-tho-SAWR-us

Length: 49 – 65.5 ft (15 – 20 m)

Time: Late Cretaceous, c. 87.5 mya

Place: Argentina

Date: 1990

Described in 1990, this poorly-known long-necked sauropod may be an unusually armor-

less member of the generally bone-plated titanosaurs.

Epanterias

Originally classified as a sauropod, the poorly-known Epanterias appears to have been a

meat-eater, possibly a giant specimen of Allosaurus.

Erectopus

Taxon: Theropoda

Name means: “upright foot”

Pronounced: ee-REK-to-pus

Length: Unknown

Time: Middle Cretaceous, 113 – 97.5 mya

Place: France, Egypt, Portugal

Erectopus was a moderately-sized meat-eating dinosaur. Its fossilized bones were first discovered in a well in northern France, and the animal was formally described in 1922.

Erlikosaurus

Taxon: Segnosauridae

Name means: “Erlik’s lizard”

Pronounced: ER-lik-o-SAWR-us

Length: 16 – 20 ft (5 – 6 m)

Time: Middle Cretaceous, about 97.5 – 88.5 mya

Place: Mongolia

This member of the strange, scythe-clawed segnosaur group was named after Erlik, the

Lamaist king of the dead. Erlikosaurus was described in 1980.

Euacanthus.

Now considered to be POLACANTHUS.

Eucamerotus

Now considered to be PELOROSAURUS.]

Eucentrosaurus

Taxon: Ceratopsidae

Name means: “true Centrosaurus”

Pronounced: yoo-SEN-tro-SAWR-us

The ceratopsian Eucentrosaurus is now generally believed to be the same animal as

CENTROSAURUS, although some researchers would prefer that the reassignment to

that genus be reversed.

Eucercosaurus

Name means: “good-tailed lizard”

Pronounced: yoo-SEHR-ko-SAWR-us

Considered to be Anoplosaurus. (One source says Acanthopholis.) Now generally considered to be EUSKELOSAURUS.

Eucoelophysis

This small, agile theropod may have actually been the same animal as COELOPHYSIS.

If not, it was certainly a very close relative to that dinosaur.]

Euhelopus

Taxon: Sauropoda

Name means: “true marsh foot”

Pronounced: yoo-HEL-o-pus

Length: about 34 ft (10 m)

Time: Late Jurassic, c. 156 – 150 mya

Place: Shandong, China

Date: 1956

This very long-necked dinosaur was named and described in 1956. At the time, sauropods were generally considered to have been slow, lizard-like marsh-dwellers, and Euhelopus received its name from that inaccurate perception of the group.

Euoplocephalus

Taxon: Ankylosauridae

Name means: “well-armored head”

Pronounced: YOO-o-plo-SEF-a-lus

Length: 17 ft (5 m)

Time: Late Cretaceous, 76 – 70 mya

Place: Alberta, Montana

The best known of the armored dinosaurs, this ankylosaur’s back and sides were covered

in a dense protective layer of bony plates. Fossils of Euoplocephalus, which was

described in 1910, provided the first evidence for the club-like lump of bone found at

the end of the stiff tails of ankylosaurs. This solid, heavily-reinforced mass could be

wielded like a knight’s mace, acting as a powerful deterrent to unwary predators.

Eureodon

Now considered to be TENONTOSAURUS.

Euronychodon

Taxon: Theropoda, possibly Dromaeosauridae

Name means: “European claw tooth”

Pronounced: yoor-o-NIK-o-don

Length: about 6.5 ft (2 m)

Time: Late Cretaceous, 75 – 65 mya

Place: Portugal

Scientifically described in 1991, this small predator is known only from teeth similar to

those of the North American Paronychodon. Without more fossil material to analyze, it

is difficult to do more than guess at its other characteristics.

Euskelosaurus

Taxon: Plateosauridae

Name means: “good-legged lizard”

Pronounced: YOOS-kel-o-SAWR-us

Length: 30 ft (9 m)

Time: Late Triassic, 220 – 215 mya

Place: Lesotho, South Africa, Zimbabwe

Euskelosaurus was one of the earliest plant-eating dinosaurs. Described in 1866, this

dinosaur was a prosauropod, one of the group of smaller relatives of the long-necked

sauropod giants. Like other prosauropods, Euskelosaurus probably walked on all four

legs, but could rear up on two to feed or to defend itself with sharp foreclaws.

Eustreptospondylus

Taxon: Eustreptospondylidae

Name means: “well-curved vertebra”

Pronounced: yoo-STREP-to-SPON-di-lus

Length: 16.5 – 20 feet (5 – 6 m)

Time: Middle Jurassic, c. 165 mya

Place: England

Named in 1964, this meat-eating dinosaur appears to have been a juvenile. Adults of the

species may have been 23 feet (7 meters) or more in length.